I recently watched Bufallo 66 and very much enjoyed that the story timline took place in less than 24 hours. Things feel very concise. I can focus on the normally mundane details and the story doesn't feel rushed.
The only film I can think of that takes place in a short period of time like this is Brick and possibly Memento. It has been awhile since I've watched those, so I could be remembering incorrectly.